两视图知识图（kgs）共同表示两个组成部分：抽象和常识概念的本体论观点，以及针对本体论概念实例化的特定实体的实例视图。因此，这些kg包含来自实例视图的本体学和周期性的分层的异质结构。尽管KG中有这些不同的结构，但最新的嵌入KG的作品假设整个KG仅属于两个观点之一，但并非同时属于。对于寻求将KG视为两种视图的作品，假定实例和本体论的观点属于相同的几何空间，例如所有嵌入在同一欧几里得空间中的节点或非欧盟产品空间，不再是合理的。对于两视图kg，图表的不同部分显示出不同的结构。为了解决这个问题，我们定义并构建了一个双几何空间嵌入模型（DGS），该模型通过将KG的不同部分嵌入不同的几何空间中，该模型使用复杂的非欧盟几何几何空间进行对两视图KGS进行建模。 DGS利用球形空间，双曲线空间及其在统一框架中学习嵌入的框架中的相交空间。此外，对于球形空间，我们提出了直接在球形空间中运行的新型封闭的球形空间操作员，而无需映射到近似切线空间。公共数据集上的实验表明，DGS在KG完成任务上的先前最先进的基线模型明显优于先前的基线模型，这表明了其在KGS中更好地建模异质结构的能力。

最近的进步表明，使用强化学习和搜索来解决NP-HARD相关的任务的成功，例如旅行推销员优化，图表编辑距离计算等。但是，尚不清楚如何有效，准确地检测到如何有效地检测大型目标图中的一个小查询图，它是图数据库搜索，生物医学分析，社交组发现等中的核心操作。此任务称为子图匹配，本质上是在查询图和大型目标图之间执行子图同构检查。解决这个经典问题的一种有前途的方法是“学习进行搜索”范式，其中强化学习（RL）代理人的设计具有学习的政策，以指导搜索算法以快速找到解决方案而无需任何解决方案实例进行监督。但是，对于子图匹配的特定任务，尽管查询图通常由用户作为输入给出，但目标图通常更大。它为神经网络设计带来了挑战，并可能导致解决方案和奖励稀疏性。在本文中，我们提出了两项​​创新的N-BLS来应对挑战：（1）一种新颖的编码器折线神经网络体系结构，以动态计算每个搜索状态下查询和目标图之间的匹配信息； （2）蒙特卡洛树搜索增强了双层搜索框架，用于培训政策和价值网络。在五个大型现实世界目标图上进行的实验表明，N-BLS可以显着改善子图匹配性能。

高级综合（HLS）释放了计算机架构师以非常低级的语言开发他们的设计，并需要准确指定如何在寄存器级别传输数据。在HLS的帮助下，硬件设计人员必须只描述设计的高级行为流程。尽管如此，它仍然可能需要数周才能开发高性能架构，主要是因为在更高的水平下有许多设计选择需要更多的时间来探索。它还需要几分钟才能从HLS工具上获得每个设计候选人的质量的反馈。在本文中，我们建议通过使用培训的图形神经网络（GNN）来建立HLS工具来解决这个问题，该工具被培训用于广泛的应用程序。实验结果表明，通过采用基于GNN的模型，我们能够以高精度估计毫秒的设计质量，这可以帮助我们非常快速地搜索解决方案空间。

Dynamic Graph Neural Networks (DGNNs) have been broadly applied in various real-life applications, such as link prediction and pandemic forecast, to capture both static structural information and temporal characteristics from dynamic graphs. Combining both time-dependent and -independent components, DGNNs manifest substantial parallel computation and data reuse potentials, but suffer from severe memory access inefficiency and data transfer overhead under the canonical one-graph-at-a-time training pattern. To tackle the challenges, we propose PiPAD, a $\underline{\textbf{Pi}}pelined$ and $\underline{\textbf{PA}}rallel$ $\underline{\textbf{D}}GNN$ training framework for the end-to-end performance optimization on GPUs. From both the algorithm and runtime level, PiPAD holistically reconstructs the overall training paradigm from the data organization to computation manner. Capable of processing multiple graph snapshots in parallel, PiPAD eliminates the unnecessary data transmission and alleviates memory access inefficiency to improve the overall performance. Our evaluation across various datasets shows PiPAD achieves $1.22\times$-$9.57\times$ speedup over the state-of-the-art DGNN frameworks on three representative models.

We propose a novel teacher-student model for semi-supervised multi-organ segmentation. In teacher-student model, data augmentation is usually adopted on unlabeled data to regularize the consistent training between teacher and student. We start from a key perspective that fixed relative locations and variable sizes of different organs can provide distribution information where a multi-organ CT scan is drawn. Thus, we treat the prior anatomy as a strong tool to guide the data augmentation and reduce the mismatch between labeled and unlabeled images for semi-supervised learning. More specifically, we propose a data augmentation strategy based on partition-and-recovery N$^3$ cubes cross- and within- labeled and unlabeled images. Our strategy encourages unlabeled images to learn organ semantics in relative locations from the labeled images (cross-branch) and enhances the learning ability for small organs (within-branch). For within-branch, we further propose to refine the quality of pseudo labels by blending the learned representations from small cubes to incorporate local attributes. Our method is termed as MagicNet, since it treats the CT volume as a magic-cube and $N^3$-cube partition-and-recovery process matches with the rule of playing a magic-cube. Extensive experiments on two public CT multi-organ datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of MagicNet, and noticeably outperforms state-of-the-art semi-supervised medical image segmentation approaches, with +7% DSC improvement on MACT dataset with 10% labeled images.

The task of referring video object segmentation aims to segment the object in the frames of a given video to which the referring expressions refer. Previous methods adopt multi-stage approach and design complex pipelines to obtain promising results. Recently, the end-to-end method based on Transformer has proved its superiority. In this work, we draw on the advantages of the above methods to provide a simple and effective pipeline for RVOS. Firstly, We improve the state-of-the-art one-stage method ReferFormer to obtain mask sequences that are strongly correlated with language descriptions. Secondly, based on a reliable and high-quality keyframe, we leverage the superior performance of video object segmentation model to further enhance the quality and temporal consistency of the mask results. Our single model reaches 70.3 J &F on the Referring Youtube-VOS validation set and 63.0 on the test set. After ensemble, we achieve 64.1 on the final leaderboard, ranking 1st place on CVPR2022 Referring Youtube-VOS challenge. Code will be available at https://github.com/Zhiweihhh/cvpr2022-rvos-challenge.git.

Referring image segmentation aims to segment the target object described by a given natural language expression. Typically, referring expressions contain complex relationships between the target and its surrounding objects. The main challenge of this task is to understand the visual and linguistic content simultaneously and to find the referred object accurately among all instances in the image. Currently, the most effective way to solve the above problem is to obtain aligned multi-modal features by computing the correlation between visual and linguistic feature modalities under the supervision of the ground-truth mask. However, existing paradigms have difficulty in thoroughly understanding visual and linguistic content due to the inability to perceive information directly about surrounding objects that refer to the target. This prevents them from learning aligned multi-modal features, which leads to inaccurate segmentation. To address this issue, we present a position-aware contrastive alignment network (PCAN) to enhance the alignment of multi-modal features by guiding the interaction between vision and language through prior position information. Our PCAN consists of two modules: 1) Position Aware Module (PAM), which provides position information of all objects related to natural language descriptions, and 2) Contrastive Language Understanding Module (CLUM), which enhances multi-modal alignment by comparing the features of the referred object with those of related objects. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks demonstrate our PCAN performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods. Our code will be made publicly available.

Continual Learning is considered a key step toward next-generation Artificial Intelligence. Among various methods, replay-based approaches that maintain and replay a small episodic memory of previous samples are one of the most successful strategies against catastrophic forgetting. However, since forgetting is inevitable given bounded memory and unbounded tasks, how to forget is a problem continual learning must address. Therefore, beyond simply avoiding catastrophic forgetting, an under-explored issue is how to reasonably forget while ensuring the merits of human memory, including 1. storage efficiency, 2. generalizability, and 3. some interpretability. To achieve these simultaneously, our paper proposes a new saliency-augmented memory completion framework for continual learning, inspired by recent discoveries in memory completion separation in cognitive neuroscience. Specifically, we innovatively propose to store the part of the image most important to the tasks in episodic memory by saliency map extraction and memory encoding. When learning new tasks, previous data from memory are inpainted by an adaptive data generation module, which is inspired by how humans complete episodic memory. The module's parameters are shared across all tasks and it can be jointly trained with a continual learning classifier as bilevel optimization. Extensive experiments on several continual learning and image classification benchmarks demonstrate the proposed method's effectiveness and efficiency.

Diffractive optical networks provide rich opportunities for visual computing tasks since the spatial information of a scene can be directly accessed by a diffractive processor without requiring any digital pre-processing steps. Here we present data class-specific transformations all-optically performed between the input and output fields-of-view (FOVs) of a diffractive network. The visual information of the objects is encoded into the amplitude (A), phase (P), or intensity (I) of the optical field at the input, which is all-optically processed by a data class-specific diffractive network. At the output, an image sensor-array directly measures the transformed patterns, all-optically encrypted using the transformation matrices pre-assigned to different data classes, i.e., a separate matrix for each data class. The original input images can be recovered by applying the correct decryption key (the inverse transformation) corresponding to the matching data class, while applying any other key will lead to loss of information. The class-specificity of these all-optical diffractive transformations creates opportunities where different keys can be distributed to different users; each user can only decode the acquired images of only one data class, serving multiple users in an all-optically encrypted manner. We numerically demonstrated all-optical class-specific transformations covering A-->A, I-->I, and P-->I transformations using various image datasets. We also experimentally validated the feasibility of this framework by fabricating a class-specific I-->I transformation diffractive network using two-photon polymerization and successfully tested it at 1550 nm wavelength. Data class-specific all-optical transformations provide a fast and energy-efficient method for image and data encryption, enhancing data security and privacy.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. One of the prognostic features in prostate cancer is the Gleason grading of histopathology images. The Gleason grade is assigned based on tumor architecture on Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained whole slide images (WSI) by the pathologists. This process is time-consuming and has known interobserver variability. In the past few years, deep learning algorithms have been used to analyze histopathology images, delivering promising results for grading prostate cancer. However, most of the algorithms rely on the fully annotated datasets which are expensive to generate. In this work, we proposed a novel weakly-supervised algorithm to classify prostate cancer grades. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps: (1) extracting discriminative areas in a histopathology image by employing the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) algorithm based on Transformers, (2) representing the image by constructing a graph using the discriminative patches, and (3) classifying the image into its Gleason grades by developing a Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN) based on the gated attention mechanism. We evaluated our algorithm using publicly available datasets, including TCGAPRAD, PANDA, and Gleason 2019 challenge datasets. We also cross validated the algorithm on an independent dataset. Results show that the proposed model achieved state-of-the-art performance in the Gleason grading task in terms of accuracy, F1 score, and cohen-kappa. The code is available at https://github.com/NabaviLab/Prostate-Cancer.